by Rafaela Landikusic
Certain technological advancements are transforming conflict, leading to “hybrid wars” in which various techniques may be used to influence human behaviour, thus highly impacting youth on a global level, as the frequent users of digital tools.
Such techniques often include the use of AI technologies in different kinds of cyber attacks, and cyber surveillance, but also cyber propaganda as a form of psychological warfare to control information, particularly through social media platforms and other digital means.
Therefore, it is essential to protect human rights in a digital world, as social media has the potential to disrupt democracy through misinformation, disinformation, hate speech, and other tactics; all leading to a lack of trust between young people and democratic institutions or civil societies.
In that sense, young people could also experience confusion from a lack of reliable information sources, which may alter their views on a specific issue and affect their actions accordingly.
Other challenges may encompass concerns related to the overall well-being of youths, often precipitating in violence between communities and online harassment, consequently generating further social harm.
Combating Disinformation in the Cyber Front — Policy Solutions & Actions
In order to combat disinformation on the cyber front, several possible solutions can be considered. Democracies should adapt to social media & AI by reinforcing normative policies and legal frameworks and by encouraging responsible behaviour by social media platforms. Additionally, enhancing the understanding of the potential risks associated with cyber conflicts to the broader public, supporting independent journalism, developing and promoting media literacy programs, and promoting international cooperation by sharing best practices and coordinating responses are crucial steps.
In the context of Big Tech and rapid technological progress in the AI and the metaverse, the spread of misinformation and disinformation has become a concern. Companies such as Meta and Twitter have emerged as the de facto public squares in many countries. To address this, governments should implement comprehensive legislation and adopt alternative approaches for regulating these platforms.
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that several radical organisations, ranging from the QAnon movement to rebel groups in Syria, have taken advantage of social media platforms to spread their propaganda. Additionally, the notorious case of Cambridge Analytica and how they influenced youth in Trinidad and Tobago to increase political apathy is a well-known example of extreme online manipulation.
At the time of writing this article, as the Washington Post published, Russia’s disinformation efforts are helped by Twitter users’ newfound ability to buy a blue checkmark. According to certain surveys, it is also crucial for policymakers and politicians to anticipate, monitor changes, and consider these threats mentioned above while enacting new regulations, especially in developing countries that are ranked as the most vulnerable to disinformation.
As stated by All Tech is Human, “The future of technology is intertwined with the future of democracy and the human condition”. Hence, we must involve and inform the public more. Finland has already taken steps in this direction by teaching primary school students about media literacy and how to identify misinformation. Other countries should follow Finland’s lead and learn from its success.
Moreover, various organisations, civic associations, and youth workers can employ diverse methods to educate and mentor young people. For instance, they can utilise an interactive game developed by scientists at Cambridge University known as “Get Bad News,” which provides insight into the process of misinformation-spreading in a humorous and engaging way that would undoubtedly enhance young people’s understanding of the issue.
Conclusions: Addressing Disinformation Through Education and Regulation
Combating disinformation requires a multi-faceted approach that involves adapting to the changing technological landscape and reinforcing legal frameworks, as well as enhancing public awareness and education. By implementing the aforementioned solutions and prioritising education on digital literacy, we can increase critical thinking skills and empower individuals to navigate the digital sphere responsibly, while safeguarding their human rights. In this manner, we can foster a more resilient society and secure the integrity of public discourse which is the very essence of our democratic processes.
The future of democracy will be decided online. Open societies can only survive, if individuals enjoy the same protection in digital spaces as in the analogue world. — Alfred Landecker Foundation
Rafaela Landikusic is a student at the Faculty of Law, human rights defender, and freelance writer from Zagreb, Croatia. Former Youth Ambassador with a keen interest in social innovation, international development, and political participation. Committed to making a positive impact in the community and beyond, engaging in projects that promote youth empowerment and address pressing global issues.
European Studies Review 